This site presents an outline for a unit on the process of transforming sand into Si and Si into layered integrated circuits. Several of the outline topics have on-line animations, explanations, and interactive self-assessments including three nice animations on "Using Photolithography," "Making a Capacitor," and "Making a Transistor." An "Enthalpy vs. Entropy Graphing Tool" demonstrates the thermodynamic driving forces for producing SiO2 layers on Si.

Citation: Teichert, M.A., Stacy, A.M., Rico, A.C., Kegley, S.E., Loeser, J.G., Molinaro, M., and Walden, S.E. Computer Chip Thermochemistry: How Can We Create an Integrated Circuit from Sand? Chem Connections Project. Copyright 2004 Beloit College and the University of California.

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