Figure 10. (a) Stress states in regions A and B. The yield locus for B is larger because of more strain hardening. (b) The stresses in the defect region, B, change to a stress state that permits plane strain while the material outside the defect, A, continues to stretch biaxially.
10a
10b

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This figure is a component of the on-line article "Sheet Metal Forming: A Review", which appears in the November 1999 Issue of JOM.