Sponsored by: SMD Non-ferrous Metals Committee and Light Metals Division
Program Organizer: Professor James G. Morris, Chemical & Materials Engineering, Director, Light Metals Research Labs., University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506
Tuesday, PM Room: A2-3
February 6, 1996 Location: Anaheim Convention Center
Session Chairperson: H. Scott Goodrich, Ravenswood Aluminum Corp., P.O. Box 98, Ravenswood, WV 26164
2:00 pm Invited
CAN AND END DESIGN TRANSFORMATION: Ms. Selwyn M. Knap, Reynolds Metals Company, Can Division, 7900 Reycan Road, Richmond, VA 23237
This paper will walk through a selection of major changes in can and end designs, as they relate to base stock, beginning with the early 1960's through 1995, with a glimpse of what the future may bring. Presented from a can maker's point of view, the ideas of the "perfect can stock" will be discussed as well as challenges surrounding conversion to reduced neck diameters, bottom design changes and downgauging.
2:30 pm Invited
FORMABILITY OF THE COLD ROLLED SHEETS OF AA3004 ALLOY AFTER THE PARTIAL ANNEALING: Shin Tsuchida, Hiroshi Yokoi, Technical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Light Metal Ind., Ltd., Chitose 3- 1- 12, Minato- ku, Nagoya, 455 Japan
The strain hardened sheets of Al- 1%Mn- 1%Mg alloy which were heat treated for the solutionizing during the rolling process showed the increases of tensile strength and elongation after the partial annealing below 200deg.C. In these partially annealed sheets, however, the decrease of formability was obviously observed after the additional cold working. The decline of the formability confirmed by the hole expansion test was discussed in the relation with the elongations obtained by uni axial tensile tests. It is postulated that the very fine precipitates on the dislocation structures which were born by the low temperature annealing are the cause of the development of deformed micro structures which intend to decrease the non- uniform elongation.
3:00 pm
EFFECT OF THE MORPHOLOGY AND GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF ALUMINA CERAMIC MASS ON THE GREEN AND FIRE DENSITY AND SHRINKAGE OF MOULDERS: Phillip A. Hollinshead, Alloy Technology Division, Alcoa Laboratories, Aluminum Company of America, Alcoa Center, PA 15069
Local orientation measurements by the electron backscattered Kikuchi (BKD) technique were made at various depths through the thickness of the panel wall of an extensively thermally recovered 5182 end shell. Measurements were done at the transverse location relative to the rolling direction (RD). For comparative purposes, similar BKD measurements were made on the panel itself, and for further comparative purposes the crystallographic texture of the panel was measured by standard X- ray pole figure techniques. Orientation distribution functions (ODFs) were calculated from the X- ray and BKD data. The crystallographic texture of the panel was typical of one commonly found in cold rolled 5182. By contrast, however, the BKD technique indicated a very low intensity of the Cu component, {112}<111>, which was believed to be due to a higher dislocation storage rate in the Cu component which interfered with Kikuchi pattern production. This was in spite of the extensive thermal exposure the shell had been subjected to. The texture varied along the height of the panel wall but at all locations the Cu component had very low or zero intensity. Other rolling texture components were also reduced compared to the panel, but appear to have been replaced by a new component close to (120)[212].
3:20 pm
MICROSTRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS IN ALUMINUM FOIL ALLOYS: GJ Mahon & GJ Marshall, Alcan International, Banbury Laboratory, Southam Road, Banbury, OX16 7SP, UK
In production, manufacturing and service, an important requirement of aluminum foil alloys is the ability to resist tearing. In 1xxx and 8xxx foil alloys the microstructural features that influence general properties are known to be fine dispersoids, coarse constituent particles and solid solution levels, particularly Fe. To study the effect of these features, advanced testing and characterization techniques are needed, including a quantification of tearing performance. A thicker gauge tear test adapted for foil alloys, 5- 200um, will be discussed in the context of understanding tear resistance of commercial foil alloys. Secondly, to understand the importance of individual microstructural features, outlined above, alloys with 'engineered' microstructures have been tested. Preliminary results will be presented that further the understanding of this complex structure- property phenomenon.
3:40 pm BREAK
4:00 pm
INGOT HOMOGENIZATION STUDY OF 3104 CAN BODYSTOCK ALLOY: Rajeev G. Kamat, Corporate Research and Development, Department of Metallurgy, Reynolds Metals Company, P. O. Box 2700, Richmond, VA 23261
A study was conducted to investigate the effect of heating rate and the homogenization temperature on the microstructural evolution during homogenization of can body stock ingots. The through- thickness as- cast ingot compositions and SDAS (secondary dendrite arm spacing) were measured and significant edge- center differences were observed. Industrial type homogenization practices were simulated and (a) Mn content in solid solution (Mnss), (b) [[alpha]]-dispersoid size distribution and (c) [[alpha]]- constituent fractions were evaluated. The Mnss increased with decreasing homogenization temperature but the [[alpha]]-dispersoid size distribution was affected more by the prior thermal history. The ingot edges showed a higher drop in the degree of Mn supersaturation than the center of the ingot due to lower SDAS of the edges. Transformation of Al6(FeMn) to [[alpha]]- Al12(FeMn)3Si was enhanced by the higher homogenization temperature. The influence of homogenization practice on the final sheet properties such as strength, earing and microstructure are also discussed.
4:20 pm
THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH ANGLE DEFORMATION BOUNDARIES AND LOCAL ORIENTATIONS IN ALUMINUM: D. A. Hughes, Center for Materials and Appl. Mechanics, Sandia Nat. Lab., Livermore, CA 94550
High angle boundaries and their local surroundings are important for all aspects of recrystallization including nucleation, growth and texture formation. They are thus important for processing of aluminum alloys. These boundaries have been observed and quantitatively characterized using transmission electron microscopy in aluminum following rolling from medium to large reductions. The distribution of local orientations between individual dislocation boundaries and their angle/axis pairs have been measured using convergent beam kikuchi analysis and are compared to the macroscopic texture. The sequence of near neighbor orientations shows that individual grains subdivide into three to four different texture components separated by sharp boundaries. The local orientations surrounding high angle boundaries are much more diverse than suggested by simple models and single crystal studies. Five origins for these high angle boundaries are suggested and discussed. This work supported by U.S. DOE under contract No. DE- AC04- 94AL8500.
4:40 pm
DISPERSOID MODELLING IN 3XXX ALLOYS: J.P. Suni, R.T. Shuey, Alcoa Technical Center, Alcoa Center, PA 15069; R. Doherty, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
A physically based model was developed to predict dispersoid evolution during preheating of 3XXX alloys. The model combines the parallel processes of nucleation, growth and coarsening, resulting in evolution equations for particle size, number density and volume fraction. Model parameters relate to diffusivity, interfacial energy, nucleation kinetics and equilibrium solvus for the Al12Mn3Si phase. Model fitting consists of using conductivity data, employing simple relationships between conductivity change and volume fraction Al12Mn3Si dispersoid precipitated. Data used in fitting this model includes internal Alcoa data, as well as published, external results. The combined data set contains variations in solidification rate, alloy composition, namely Fe, Mn, Si and Mg (i.e. either 3003 or 3004), as well as time and temperature of thermal treatments. All of the trends in these variations are qualitatively consistent among the various data sets. A model incorporating these effects was developed for the combined data set and the rms error of fitting was .04 wt% Mn in solution. The resulting model enables predictions of the effects of process excursions, or the searching of new combinations of alloy composition and thermal practice, on the basis of physical principles and prior data.
5:00 pm
NECKING TWO PIECE BEVERAGE CANS IN THE 90's: Dean Johnson, Bell Corporation, Metals Container Operations, 9343 West 108th Circle, Broomfield, CO 80021-3682
This subject is fresh in the minds of canmakers because the past few years
have been a challenge for the Two Piece canmakers. The introduction of 204 and
202 ends and cans created great opportunities for machine manufactures. This
paper will outline the advantages and disadvantages and disadvantages of
Standard Die Necking, Smooth Die Necking, Spin Nicking, and Spin Flow Necking.
Each necking process will be looked at from the stand point of can line-front
end quality requirements, can line spoilage, can defects, coatings required.
Also included will be Ball's option on, "What will be the necking process of
the future?"
| Search | TMS Annual Meetings | TMS Meetings Page | About TMS | TMS OnLine |
|---|
